Essay Sample Stop and Frisk

Essay Sample Stop and Frisk Police officers have a goal to protect every innocent human being. Very often, it is quite complicated to do this, but it is necessary to do their best to accomplish this goal. Stop and frisk program was created in order to prevent crimes. In general, it means that when a police officer sees a suspicious person, he or she has a right to stop him/her, ask questions and check where he/she has a gun or contraband. From the first sight, it looks quite effective. However, it is quite a debatable question, because it is hard to understand whether stop and frisk program is more good or bad for the society. This program can be quite effective, which is also shown in practice. There are a great number of cases when polices officers stopped suspicious people and prevented crimes or found contraband. However, there is always a chance that a person is innocent, which make him/her feel him/herself quite uncomfortable. Yet, this wouldn’t be a serious problem, if this the police officers treated all people equally. Unfortunately, according to the statistics, the number of African American and Latin people stopped by the police is much higher than the number of white people. About 90% of all people stopped by the police officers are not white, and about 88% people are innocent. Racial discrimination is a result of this program. However, most of the police officers state that they do not do anything wrong. They explain their actions as a necessity. In most of the cases, the areas where people are stopped and asked questions are adverse. Unfortunately, exactly the people of color live in such areas. In other words, the police officers explain their actions as the right ones because they are done in the crime hot spots. Moreover, it is very hard to prove that the police officers do something wrong, because the law allows such actions. A lot of the police officers think that the stop and frisk program is quite effective at reducing the number of gun offenses and violent crimes. Yet, people who always become suspects don’t think like that. There is a great number of examples that can prove that this program has changed the lives of many people in a bad way. One of the brightest examples is handshaking. Teenagers that live in the adverse areas are afraid of handshaking. They do not do this because they know that any police officer can think that they have deals with the drugs. Isn’t it quite unfair? The other vivid example of the discrimination and bad effect of the stop and frisk program is that people are afraid to go outside. One teenager was stopped by the police about 200 times, however, he never did anything wrong. As a result, he feels uncomfortable outside, and have no desire to leave his home. Such attitude of the police changes people’s lives, and usually, these changes aren’t positive. Both, the people of color and white people, think that stop and frisk program isn’t a good idea when it comes to racial discrimination. The good effect it has can approve the harmful effect on the citizens of the country. A great number of people are afraid of the stop and frisk program and want to get rid of it in order to have a more calm life than they have now. Yet, it is possible to find a compromise. If to update the law in order to protect the innocent people, the situation will become better. It won’t fully solve the problem, but it will reduce the number of people who suffer from the stop and frisk program.

Philippines East Asian Economic Miracle - 1388 Words

Philippines East Asian Miracle From the 1960’s through the 1990’s, during what is referred to as the East Asian economic miracle period, several East Asian economies experienced unexpected high growth that was sustained for more than 20 years. The Philippines had great potential early on to become a developed country, due to an abundance of natural resources, a special relationship with the United States, a high literacy rate, a high domestic savings rate, and a promising manufacturing sector Leipzeger 448-449. However, despite these advantages, they experienced far slower growth than many of the other economies in the region. Today, they continue to face numerous obstacles to becoming a developed state. This paper will examine some of the reasons why the Philippines’ overall economic growth during the East Asian economic miracle period, has been slower than that of the other East Asian developing countries. One of the reasons that the Philippines lagged behind their rapidly developing neighbors, is that the Philippines have historically had a political system that caters to the wealthy elite. Second, they have accumulated massive foreign debt and have made it a priority to repay it at the expense of other growth promoting ventures. Third, the Philippine government has not been successful in changing economic policies that have inhibited growth. Fourth, investment in human capital in the Philippines has not been as effective as in other countries in the region. Finally, dueShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On The Region s Development1704 Words   |  7 PagesExamine the impact of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 on the region’s development â€Å"Since World war II, development has been the most important term used to describe economic, social and political changes in what have come to be known as Third world countries† (Zhang, 2003). The Asian financial crisis of 1997 had a major impact on the regions development as it was the end of the East Asian economic miracle, a time that showed staggering economic growth throughout the Asia Pacific. HoweverRead MoreAsian Rim Region Report : Geography And Demography1010 Words   |  5 Pages(Wojtan, Linda S.) The Pacific Rim roughly overlaps with the geologic Pacific Ring of Fire. This region report is focusing on the East Asia, and Southeast Asia, or Asian Pacific. East Asia can be defined either in geographical and cultural. Geographically, it covers about 12,000,000 km2, or about 28% of the Asian continent, about 15% bigger than the area of Europe. East Asia is one of the world s most populated places, with more than 1.5 billion people, about 38% of the population of Asia and 22%Read MoreThe Asian Financial Crisis and Thailand: Catalyst for Change...or More of The Same? 1647 Words   |  7 Pagessustaining rapid economic growth. What took Europe almost a century, the East Asian tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) and the newly industrializing economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand) accomplished in a matter of decades, which led many to believe in an East Asian miracle. However, in 1997 Thailand became the first country swept into an economic crisis that spread throughout the region within months. Why did Thailand unexpectedly fall into a rapid economic crisis and howRead MoreThe Causes of the Asian Crisis Essay21 70 Words   |  9 PagesThe Causes of the Asian Crisis The Causes of the Asian Crisis. There are many speculations about the causes of the Asian Crisis. From my research I found out that there is quite a number of reasons for the Asian currency crisis. There is a book called; The East Asian Miracle, which was published by the World Bank. This book expressedRead More1997 Asian Financial Crisis4297 Words   |  18 Pages1997 Asian Financial Crisis Angelica M. Montefalcon 4FM2 I. Introduction For about twenty years, East-Asian countries were held up as economic idols. They were hailed as the ideal models for strong economic growth of developing countries because of their high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented business, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems. They were even stories about â€Å"The East Asian Miracle becauseRead More1997 Asian Financial Crisis4291 Words   |  18 Pages1997 Asian Financial Crisis Angelica M. Montefalcon 4FM2 I. Introduction For about twenty years, East-Asian countries were held up as economic idols. They were hailed as the ideal models for strong economic growth of developing countries because of their high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented business, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems. They were even stories about â€Å"The East AsianRead MoreThe Philippines Amidst the Asian Financial Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis3267 Words   |  14 PagesThe Philippines amidst the Asian Financial Crisis And the Global financial Crisis I. Introduction Since before, there had been many financial crisis happened, for instance the Great depression of the 1930’s, the U.S recession of 2001 and other financial crisis. All of the country in the world has felt how severely devastating a financial crisis is, on how much problem does it give to an economy, even though the most powerful economies that produce about a quarter of the world output like the AmericaRead MoreEssay east asian crisis1420 Words   |  6 Pages East Asian financial crisis are an evidence of fact that economies are prone to fianacial pressures in spite of a stable sustainable growth rate. The East Asian economic crisis is the most important economic event in the region of the past few decades. That much is agreed. Beyond this, there is yet no unanimity about its root causes nor about the solutions. The differences of views are being debated in academic and policy circles and reflected in the media. One thing though is certain: the earlierRead MoreEast Timor Cr isis Analysis1491 Words   |  6 PagesPost independence and UN assistance, East Timor remains drastically behind other nations developmentally. Infrastructure concerns are a major domestic and government services are in some locations are non existent. Strengthening its local economy has been key and is an area of East Timorese success. East Timor boasted a GDP growth rate of 11.7% in 2014 when at independence the nation experienced little economic activity. In 2000, the government took in a revenue of 1.6 million total, mostly as dutiesRead MoreSouth Korea s Economic Crisis1534 Words   |  7 Pagesand 1996, South Korea experienced strong economic growth ever since South Korea was separated from North Korea. As the data of South Korea economy from World Bank web provides, Average growth rate was around 8 percent and inflation rate averaged 5 percent. Moreover, unemployment rate was stable below 3 percent (citation use footnote or endnote). Until 1997, Korea was one of miracle Ea st Asian countries that grew up incredibly faster than that of other Asian countries. Others believed that it is impossible

Analysis Of The Article On Dumpster Diving - 1222 Words

Black Friday and Cyber Monday are one of the best days for consumers in America, because everything is on sale with an unbelievable low price. According to CNN Money, business made over 50 billion dollars in the year of 2013 after these special sales event in America. In these special occasions, people purchase product base on the recommendation of the media. When consumers realized that they have no use of the product or an improved new product releases, the old product will end up in a dumpster. Americans will create environmental problem and outbreak of resource war if they continue wasting Earth’s source base on their lavish lifestyle, in which it is supported by their culture and the lack of appreciation. In the essay â€Å"On Dumpster Diving,† Lars Eighner, as a homeless person, used his own life experience as a dumpster diver to reflect on the wastefulness of American society. Eighner states, â€Å"...although if I could I would naturally prefer to live the comf ortable consumer life, perhaps - and only perhaps - as a slightly less wasteful consumer owing to what I have learned as a scavenger†(88). He pointed out how Americans are not a consumer, but a waster from a scavenger’s perspective. The comfortableness of the consumer life makes Americans think that their wasteful action is appropriate. Eighner also points out how American, specifically adolescents does not appreciate the things that they possess. Americans are one of the luckiest people in the world becauseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dumpster Diving By Lars Eighner997 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor’s opinion even if it is not an opinionated piece. In the assignment on Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner we improved our understanding of outlines and rhetorical analysis. 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This is when the thief goes through your garbage and collects copies of checks, credit cards, bank statements, pre-approved applications, and any other records with your name, address, and/or your telephon e number to get access to your accountsRead MoreInformation Systems of Sterling Urgent Care Essay5684 Words   |  23 PagesWaterfall model 17 Waterfall Phases 18 System Investigation 18 System Design 19 System Implementation 19 System Verification 19 System Maintenance 19 Section 5: Information Systems and Society 20 Types of Hacking 20 Social Engineering 20 Dumpster Diving 21 Identity Theft 23 Illegal Access and Use 23 References 25 â€Æ' Section 1: Information Systems Overview What is Sterling Urgent Care? Sterling Urgent Care (SUC) is a non-existent urgent care facility located in the small town of SterlingRead MoreWriting and Research Paper2935 Words   |  12 PagesHub room 314 E-mail: patricia.green@hccs.edu Learning Web: Patricia Green CRN # 35022 Textbooks WP – the Writer’s Presence 7th ed. Some of the articles may be found online, or in earlier editions of the textbook. Read at least two articles per week. Read the Writer at Work following some of the articles. HE – Harbrace Essentials – recommended writing handbook. Strunk and White and the Purdue University Online Writing Lab can be found online (links in resources). QuestionsRead MoreSocial Engineering2447 Words   |  10 PagesIT professionals is the practice of deceiving someone, either in person, over the phone or using a computer, with the express intent of breaching some level of security, either personal or professional (Ledford, 2011.) 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Identity theft can happen in a variety of ways, but the basic elements are the same. Criminals first gather personal information, either through low-tech methods such as stealing mail or workplace records, or â€Å"dumpster diving,† or through complex and high-tech frauds such as hacking and the use of malicious computer code. These data thieves then sell the information or use it themselves to open new credit accounts, take over existing accounts, obtain government benefitsRead MoreUse and Abuse of Computers5450 Words   |  22 Pagesmonitoring, employees resist, or sue, over invasion of personal use of â€Å"their† computer. Further, e-discovery and public record requests are eroding the concept of personal use in favor of the â€Å"right to know.† E-DISCOVERY IN LITIGATION This is not an article on discovery. Electronic discovery is a huge and growing issue. E-discovery deserves mention, though, because it is a driving force in changing employers’ comp uter policies and practices. It used to be privacy cases and harassment claims which wereRead MoreHow Identity Theft Affect the Culture of Our Society5785 Words   |  24 Pagessurveys show there are currently 7-10 million victims per year, How Identity Theft Became Prevalent It is very easy for the criminals to obtain the information needed without having to break into their homes, mainly by stealing mail or â€Å"dumpster diving† where this information is included. They sift through the trash outside of businesses and residences in hopes of finding unshredded documents containing SSNs and other data. 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Influencial Connection of CIA in American Society Free Essays

â€Å"The United States has carried on foreign intelligence activities since the days of George Washington, but only since World War II have they been coordinated on a government wide basis. â€Å"1 Even before the devastating attack at Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned about American intelligence deficiencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Influencial Connection of CIA in American Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked New York lawyer William J. Donovan to draft a plan for an intelligence service. In June of 1942, the Office of Strategic Services was established in order to collect and analyze strategic information required by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and to conduct special operations that were not assigned to other agencies. During the World War II, the Office of Strategic Service (OSS) supplied policymakers with essential facts and intelligence estimates, and the office often played an important role in directly aiding military campaigns. The OSS never received complete jurisdiction over all foreign intelligence activities. Since the early 1930†³s the FBI had been responsible for intelligence work in Latin America, and the military services protected their areas of responsibility. In October 1945, the OSS was abolished, and its functions were transferred to the State and War Departments. The need for a postwar centralized intelligence system still remained a problem. Eleven months earlier, Donovan, at the time a major general had submitted to President Roosevelt a proposal that called for the separation of the OSS from the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the new organization having direct Presidential supervision. Donovan proposed an â€Å"organization which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelligence material collected by all government agencies. â€Å"2 Under his plan, a powerful, centralized civilian agency would have coordinated all the intelligence services. Donovan†s plan drew heavy political debate. In response to this policy dispute, President Harry S. Truman established the Central Intelligence Group in January of 1946, directing it to â€Å"coordinate existing departmental intelligence, supplementing but not supplanting their services. â€Å"3 Twelve months later, the National Intelligence Authority and its operating component, the Central Intelligence Group, were disestablished. Under the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947, the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency were established. The 1947 Act charged the CIA with â€Å"coordinating the nation†s intelligence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence which affects national security. 4 The Act also made the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) responsible for protecting intelligence sources and methods. The Central Intelligence Agency Act was passed in 1949 permitting the Agency to use confidential fiscal and administrative procedures, and this Act is the authority for the secrecy of the Agency†s budget. In order to protect intelligence sources and methods from disclosure, the 1949 Act exempted the CIA from having to disclose its â€Å"organization, functions, names, officials, titles, salaries, or numbers of personnel employed. â€Å"5 The national interests of the United States require the Intelligence Community to maintain worldwide vigilance on the foreign threats to U. S. citizens, both civilian and military, infrastructure, and allies. In addition, they also seek to inform policy makers of opportunities to advance U. S. foreign policy objectives. 6 To accomplish its missions, the CIA engages in research, development, and deployment of technology for intelligence purposes. 7 Most American citizens are not fully aware of the full extent to which the CIA has effected American society. The general public has limited knowledge of the secret operations of the CIA, but the few campaigns that are open to the public prove that the CIA plays an essential role in American foreign relations. From 1953 to 1961 the CIA continued out foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, political action, and propaganda operations. During the Eisenhower administration, Secretary of State John Dulles used the Central Intelligence Agency, which was headed by his brother Allen Dulles, for covert interventions against governments that were too closely aligned with communism. The CIA moved beyond its original objective of intelligence gathering to active involvement in the internal affairs of foreign countries where such covert action suited the American ideals. In the 1950s the CIA successfully directed the overthrow of several foreign governments. When Mohammad Mossadegh of Iran seized British oil properties in 1953, CIA agents helped the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlevi, depose him. Using both economic leverage and a repressive secret police, the shah soon fermented his power in Iran. In 1954 the CIA supported a coup in Guatemala against Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, who had expropriated 250,000 acres of land held by the American owned United Fruit Company. He also accepted arms from the communist government of East Germany. Under Eisenhower, the Central Intelligence Agency had begun training 2,000 men for an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist revolutionary that had taken power in 1959. On April 19, 1961, this force invaded the Bay of Pigs, but was forced to surrender. 1,200 men were captured. The CIA also tried to overthrow Achmed Sukarno of Indonesia in 1958, but again it was unsuccessful. In late 1961, the CIA was reorganized to put more emphasis on science, technology, and internal management. The agency was heavily used during the Vietnam War, from 1959-1975, in Southeast Asia. The Central Intelligence Agency has effected American society by adding security and confidence to the minds of the American people. Though much of their effects are not specifically known, the entire organization as a whole serves as a type of secret weapon against foreign countries. Its formation and operations have made the CIA a lasting part of the U. S. government. How to cite Influencial Connection of CIA in American Society, Essay examples

Egyptain Foreign Policy In Regards To Israel The United States. The Essay Example For Students

Egyptain Foreign Policy In Regards To Israel The United States. The Essay History of the conflict in the Middle East is long and well documented. To both, and to many biased observers the history of the Egyptian/Israeli conflict is very one sided, with one government, or one people causing the continued wars between the two neighboring states. But, as any social scientist of any reputation will state, all international conflicts have more than one side, and usually are the result of events surrounding, and extending over the parties involved. Thus, using this theory as a basis, we must assume that the conflict between Israel and Egypt is more complicated than a partial observer would see it. For the purpose of this paper, we are going to examine the basic factors of Egypts Involvement and conflict with Israel, with some emphasis on the involvement of the United State, and the Western Nation in this conflict. Also, I wish to pay particular attention to the question of who, or what brought these countries into conflict. Were they both victims of their situation, or did they become actively involved in promoting conflict, or perhaps a third party source, such as the US pushed them into conflict? In 1948, the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel was read by David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv. The Egyptians, like most of the Arab states saw this as a creation of a Western State, backed by the British Empire, and thus an imperialistic entity in the Arab homeland. Considering the past 20 years of the Egyptian state, and of most of the Arab nations, was a continual conflict again imperial powers, the Egyptian were naturally weary and afraid of any new imperialistic powers developing in the Middle East. In September 1947, the League of Arab States decided to resist by force the plan for the partition of Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish State, and when the Jewish state was created, the armies of the various Arab states entered into Palestine to save the country for the Arabs again Zionist a ggression. The Arabs were defeated and the Arab Countries saved a small amount of land, the Transjordon, and the West Bank. Similarly Egypt saved strip of territory around Gaza. The causes of this war, and Egypts involved can be examined in several ways. Obviously, the creation of the State of Israel by Ben-Gurion and his supporters provided a excuse for the Arab Nations, and Egypt to attack the Jewish population in Israel. As mentioned, the Egyptians saw the formation of Israel as an Imperialist state, and they were defending the land for the Palestinians, and more importantly for the newly developing arab unity. While the United States was not actively involved in the war, either by providing arms or providing much assistance, their actions did create an interesting and volatile atmosphere. As soon as the state of Israel was created, the United State quickly recognized the state and started diplomatic relations with the newly formed government. At the same time, the USSR recognized Israel, not wishing the US to be seen as the champion for the newly found state. Although there is no definitive proof, one can assume that Egypt, and the rest of the Arab nations felt the need to quickly react to the situation, in almost a type of fear that powers outside their Arab influence, such as the United States were quickly impeding on their territory, by using Israel as a means of their peaceful aggression.Still, Egypt was clearly the main aggressor in this instance, and was not defending their own territory, but instead attempting to obtain territory, which they did succeed in acquiring, through the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian actions quickly set the tone of conflict in the Middle East, giving the Israelis no option but the take an initial purely military response in defense of their newly formed state. In the minds of the Israeli leaders, Egypt was nothing but a threat to the existence of the Jewish state, and thus, perhaps rightly, should only be dealt with as an enemy. From the outcome of this poorly prepared war emerged Gamal Abdul Nasser, who commanded an Egyptian Army in Palestine. He organized a clandestine group inside the army called the Free Officers. After the war against Israel, the Free Officers began to plan for a revolutionary overthrow of the government. In 1949 nine of the Free Officers formed the Committee of the Free officers Movement and in 1950 Nasser was elected chairman. In 1952, the Free Officers Movement led a revolution in Egypt and took power, under the newly formed Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) , with Muhammad Naguib as president and commander in Chief. Almost all leader in the RCC were soldiers, many who had fought in the 1948 war and this seriously affected the outlook of them towards Israel, and their policies towards Israel as a state. Most of them had some type of conflicts with the British and were totally, and completely against colonial power in the Middle East, of any kind.While Naguib was the head of the RCC and the government, Nasser was the real power behind Egypt. Although the first 2 years of the RCCs existence was a struggle of power, Nasser eventually won, and the Egyptian foreign policy was dictated by him. Within a few months Naguib officially began prime minister, minister of war, commander in chief and the president of the RCC. Interestingly enough, Nasser took no direct actions during the next few years against Israel, but instead focused on internal colonization, by trying to get the British out.It should be mentioned that around this time, the great contracts against the USSR were formed and implemented. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Treaty organization were supposed t o contain the Soviet Union in the west and east. The Baghdad pact, brought Britain, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and Iraq to form a barrier on the USSRs south borders. It seems that Nasser failed to see this importance, even when Britain initially refused to talk about leaving Egypt until Nasser agreed to an alliance. This decision affected him later, when he sough foreign aid. The United States seeing the growing cold war conflict in this region sought to use the conflict between Israel ; Egypt to its advantage. While they didnt wish to offend either side, at the time, they couldnt yet pledge allegiance to either side. When in 1955, after the British had agree to eventually leave the Canal Area, Nasser started to become convinced once again that Egypt had to arm to defend itself against Israel. Still, the first attack in 1955 was Israel, when they attacked Egyptian Military outposts in Gaza. Quickly, realizing his possible situation, Nasser sought western aid only to find that neither the U.S., France or Britain was willing to help. Because Nasser had refused to join an anti-USSR alliance, he was seen as a threat, especially by people such as the Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Nasser, then turned to the USSR and accepted soviet weapons, which put them directly against the western push for influence in the Middle East. This decision effected Nasser influence on the Western powers for it made sure than in later years that Israel, and not Egypt would get assistance from the United States or Britain. Yet, they he had no choice, except to arm himself in this manner. In Secret Britain, the United States and Israel agreed to allow Israel to attack the Canal from across the Sinai Desert. Business Plan Essay The next day, President Nixon formally asked Congress for emergency funds to finance the massive airlift of arms to Israel that was already under way. During this time, the Major Oil producers in the region cut back production to the United States as an embargo because of these actions. Israel was able to counterattack and succeeded in crossing to the west bank of the canal and surrounding the Egyptian Army. Sadat appealed to the Soviet Union for help. On October 22, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 338, calling for a cease-fire by all parties within twelve hours in the positions they occupied. Egypt accepted the cease-fire, but Israel, alleging Egyptian violations of the cease-fire, completed the encirclement Army to the east of the canal.The Soviet Union was furious, believing it had been double-crossed by the United States. On October 24, the Soviet ambassador handed Kissinger a note from Brezhnev threatening that if the United States was not prepared to join in sending forces to impose the cease-fire, the Soviet Union would act alone. Luckily the UN sent a force there to enforce the cease-fire. Meanwhile, Syria felt betrayed by Egypt because Sadat did not inform his ally of his decision to accept the cease-fire. Two days after Sadat, Syria accepted the cease-fire as well. The Israelis, however, paid a heavy price for merely holding their attackers to an inconclusive draw. The war had a devastating effect on Israels economy and was followed by savage austerity measures and drastically reduced living standards. For the first time, Israelis witnessed the humiliating spectacle of Israeli were seen on Arab television. Also, for the first time captured Israeli hardware was exhibited in Cairo.Sadats prestige grew tremendously. The war, along with the political moves Sadat had made previously, meant that he was totally in control and able to implement the programs he wanted. He was the hero of the day. In 1977 the outlook for peace between Israel and Egypt was not good. Israel still held most of Sinai, and negotiations had been at a stalemate since the second disengagement agreement in 1975. Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin was a hard-liner and a supporter of Israeli expansion. He approved the development of settlements on the occupied West Bank and reprisal raids into southern Lebanon. After the food riots of January 1977, Sadat decided that something dramatic had to be done, and so on November 19, 1977, in response to an invitation from Begin, Sadat journeyed to Jerusalem, and agreed upon peace. Many Egyptians accepted peace with Israel if it meant regaining Egyptian territories. Of the Arab countries, only Sudan, Oman, and Morocco were favorable to Sadats trip. In the other Arab states, there was shock and dismay. The Arabs felt that Sadat had betrayed the cause of Arab solidarity and the Palestinians. In spite of Sadats denials, the Arabs believed that he intended to go it alone and make a separate peace with Israel. In fact, that is what happened. In December 1977, Egypt and Israel began peace negotiations in Cairo. These negotiations continued on and off over the next several months, but by September 1978 it was clear that they were deadlocked. President Jimmy Carter had become closely involved in the negotiations. In an effort to break the deadlock, Carter invited Sadat and Begin to Camp David. The negotiations were tense and almost broke down several times. On September 17, however, Carter announced that the Camp David Accords had been reached. They consisted of two parts, the Framework for Peace in the Middle East and the Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt. The Camp David Accords made Sadat a hero in Europe and the United States. The reaction in Egypt was generally favorable, but there was opposition from the left. In the Arab world, Sadat was almost universally condemned. Only Sudan issued an ambivalent statement of support. The Arab states suspended all official aid and severed diplomatic relations. Egypt was expelled from the Arab League, which it was instrumental in founding, and from other Arab institutions. Saudi Arabia withdrew the funds it had promised for Egypts purchase of American fighter aircraft.In the West, where Sadat was extolled as a hero and a champion of peace, the Arab rejection of the Camp David Accords is often confused with the rejection of peace. The basis for Arab rejection was opposition to Egypts separate peace with Israel. Although Sadat insisted that the treaty provided for a comprehensive settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Arab states and the PLO saw it as a separate peace, which Sadat had vowed he would not sign. The Arabs believed that only a unified Arab stance and the threat of force would persuade Israel to negotiate a settlement of the Palestinian issue that would satisfy Palestinian demands for a homeland. Without Egypts military power, the threat of force evaporated because no single Arab state was strong enough militarily to confront Israel alone. The Camp David Accords brought peace to Egypt but not prosperity. With no real improvement in the economy, Sadat became increasingly unpopular. His isolation in the Arab world was matched by his increasing remoteness from the mass of Egyptians. While Sadats critics in the Arab world remained beyond his reach, increasingly he reacted to criticism at home by expanding censorship and jailing his opponents. In addition, Sadat subjected the Egyptians to a series of referenda on his actions and proposals that he invariably won by more than 99 percent of the vote. For example, in May 1979 the Egyptian people approved the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty by 99.9 percent of those voting.Sadats handpicked successor, Husni Mubarak, was overwhelmingly approved in a national referendum on October 24. Mubaraks main concern in regard to the Israeli conflict was concerned to regain the Sinai Peninsula for Egypt and to return his country to the Arab fold. One of Mubaraks first acts was to pledge to honor the peace treaty with Israel. In April 1982, the Israeli withdrawal from Sinai took place as scheduled. A multinational force of observers took up positions in Sinai to monitor the peace. Egypt was allowed to station only one army division in Sinai. Since then, Egypt has had a decent relationship with Israel and the United States, and it has been seen by many Arab Countries as the traitor in many circumstances. It is perceivable that without the influence of the United States the peace in Israel would have been different, if not sooner. The United States, in order to push the cold war policies saw Israel and Egypt as pawn in their global game of politics. Especially in the early years, neither country saw the United States as a enemy nor as a ally, and thus depended on it for little. Yet, both countries saw the possibility of gaining resources from the great western power, or at least its enemy the USSR.Under Carter, however the United States, perhaps for the first time, played a peace-making role in the Middle East. Perhaps Carter was being the peaceful President, or more likely he realized the need for peace in the middle east in order to lower the gas prices, and for the US to harness the immense resources of the region.

Carter Woodsen Essays - Urban Decay, Antisemitism,

Carter Woodsen When you control a man's thinking you do not have to worry about his actions. You do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his proper place and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door. He will go without being told. In fact, If there is no back door, he will cut one for his special benefit. His education makes it necessary. History shows that it does not matter who is in power those who have not learned to do for themselves and have to depend solely on others never obtain any more rights or privileges in the end than they had in the beginning. BY DR. Carter Woodson?The Mis-Education of the Negro Social Policy Policy analysts, program developers, and managers in the public and nonprofit sectors, face special problems as they seek to improve the well-being of particular groups in society. This concentration provides students with an understanding of the policy, management and programmatic issues and the difficult choices facing professionals working to improve the economic well-being and social functioning of diverse groups while seeking to further social integration in U.S. society. Housing and Community Development The concentration in housing and community development focuses on innovative approaches for improving the quality of life within low-income urban communities, including affordable housing and workforce development. It situates housing policy and community development within the context of racial discrimination, global, national and regional economic trends, the devolution of government responsibilities to the state and local levels, the growing role of community development corporations and other nonprofit organizations, and the implementation of welfare reform. In addition to lectures and class discussions, courses also include visits to leading community-based organizations. The concentration engages students in current policy debates, introduces them to cutting-edge initiatives, and provides training in the technical and analytic skills necessary for careers in government, nonprofit organizations, and the private sector. Urban Economic Development Policy This concentration consists of courses on the theory and practice of contemporary local development policy. Our expertise is particularly strong in the analysis of urban labor markets?the sources of underemployment, the so-called spatial mis-match between where workers live and where the jobs are located within metropolitan regions, how job seekers and employers find one another, and which public and private institutions work best to facilitate that matching. This labor market focus extends to the study of racial and gender discrimination in housing, schools, and jobs, as well as to the changing structure and effects of immigration. Finally, this concentration is concerned with the role of public infrastructure and strategies to promote private and public investments in local business enterprise that can create jobs and add to the wealth of urban residents, especially in communities of color. Faculty and students work on a rich mix of studies and provide technical assistance to commu nity groups, city and state agencies, and even to particular private corporations. The program in Urban Policy Analysis and Management is on the roster of programs of the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) in accordance with NASPAA's standards for professional programs in public affairs. The program is an institutional member of the Urban Affairs Association and the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) and has been designated by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation as eligible for Woodrow Wilson fellowships for minority students who have completed the APPAM summer institutes. The program has a chapter of Pi Alpha Alpha, the national honor society for public administration. KOZOL-Savage Inequalities reflection------- Since I have been in this class, there have been many discussions on very general topics. It really amazed me a few weeks ago when we began a discussion on Jonathan Kozol's book Savage Inequalities. What really amazed me the most were the looks of amazement from many of my fellow classmates when we began to discuss issues from the book. Few seemed paralyzed from their amazement. Many, if not all, were shocked at such injustices and realities; this just goes to show me that many of my fellow classmates are very, if not completely, disconnected from such realities and only think that these problems exist in Boston,

Analysing Causes Effects And Implications Of Sibling Incest Social Work Essay Essay Example

Analysing Causes Effects And Implications Of Sibling Incest Social Work Essay Essay Example Analysing Causes Effects And Implications Of Sibling Incest Social Work Essay Paper Analysing Causes Effects And Implications Of Sibling Incest Social Work Essay Paper This literature reappraisal focuses on research that is related to sibling incest and discusses the causes, effects and deductions that sibling incest has on the victim, culprit and the household. It focuses on the types of research that is conducted and the failings and strengths of these surveies. It besides discusses farther deductions and suggestions for future research in respects to sibling incest. It is meant as a reappraisal of the types of research and how this affects our positions on sibling incest and ways that we can better future research to assist those that are victims, culprits and impacted by sibling incest. Sibling Incest is a immense tabu in the US and an issue that is mostly dismissed as something that is non experienced by the general population and occurs merely in a really little sum of instances. After reading each of these articles, it has become clear that there is a important deficiency of research sing this peculiar signifier of household maltreatment. Much of what has been researched seems to belie each other and are inquiries sing this concealed tabu continue to travel unreciprocated. When most people in the US think of incest, specifically sibling incest, they seem perplexed as to what causes this desire in people and how this plays out in a household. Sibling incest seems to be considered one of the highest signifiers of maltreatment within a household and demands to be researched so that we may get down to understand the full impacts this has on persons and households. By researching and understanding this maltreatment more thoroughly we might be able to forestall future incest instances and aid victims and culprits recover from such a violent signifier of maltreatment. We might besides be able to come to understand the full impacts of sibling incest and if our positions as a state and our tabu against it holds true. Does sibling incest violate such basic psychological positions and swearing relationships that might damage the victim more than any other type of household maltreatment? Thompson discussed why incest between siblings demands to be studied more than any other country ( 2009 ) . The writer described the sibling relationship in respects to incest and the effects the incest has on the victim and the household as a whole. Thompson sheds visible radiation on the households of sibling incest relationships and different theories that can get down to explicate the household system and household response upon revelation of the maltreatment. The writer examines how blaming plays a portion in the reactions to incest revelation by the household, and how this affects the wellness and well-being of the victim. Thompson describes different get bying mechanisms and the effectivity of group therapy in the lives of incest victims. The writer briefly discusses different theoretical models that might help in work covering with female victims of incest. Thompson focuses on household systems theory and the relationships within the household. A group theoretical account is mentioned as a successful manner to work through incest injury and develop healthy get bying schemes. Short-run and long-run group theoretical accounts are discussed in their benefits and disadvantages that each provide ( Thompson, 2009 ) . Snoging Your Sister The article Kissing Your Sister summarizes a survey performed by three evolutionary psychologists, Debra Lieberman, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmides. The survey sheds light as to what makes people avoid incest dealingss. The survey was performed on 600 people and investigated their household histories and relationships. The survey suggested that there are two chief things that trigger us to avoid sexual relationships with our siblings. These triggers are the sum of clip that the individual spends with the kid s female parent at a immature age and the sum of clip the two spend populating in the same house. Harmonizing to the writers, these trigger two evolutionary procedures that are good to the endurance of worlds. Altruism and antipathy to incest aid persons to last by acquiring along and avoiding possible malfunctions in reproduction. Sibling Incest: Reports from 41 Survivors In the article, the writers discussed a survey that was performed with 41 grownups who experienced sibling incest. The research was done due to a important deficiency of old research in this specific country. Included in the survey were work forces and adult females, culprits and victims. The sample consisted largely of Caucasic propertyless adult females with a average age of 39 old ages old. They asked open-ended and closed-ended inquiries sing the maltreatment, who started it, the continuance, and revelation. The study consequences reported several findings. It suggested that the mean age difference was around 4 old ages with victims being, on norm, around age 7 at oncoming and age 13 at the terminal of the maltreatment. The inquiries investigated several issues included who initiated the maltreatment and the menace of force that is placed on the person. The writers besides investigated other sexual maltreatment experienced by the participants and the environment of the household, including any physical, emotional, and/or sexual maltreatment experienced with other household members and non-family members. Sibling Incest within Violent Families: Children under 12 Seeking Raising In the article, the writer investigates possible causes that might take to sibling incest including violent places, disregard, and a demand for love and raising. The writer suggests that force in the place may act upon a kid s sexual individuality and perchance act upon the desire for incest. The writer defines violent households, the construct of raising, and sibling incest in order to make a image of how they might interact and act upon each other. The writer uses anecdotal grounds to back up her positions that household force may take to a different sexual individuality in the kid and sibling incest desires. The writer explores the procedure kids exposed to violent households might travel through. She recognizes the demand for connexion, comfort and raising that the kid has and suggests that they begin to look for this emotional connexion in their siblings. She investigates the sexual advancement and geographic expedition that a kid goes through from birth to adolescence and how t his might be affected by household force. The writer discusses the possible effects of shame and how this might do a kid more vulnerable to sibling incest. Findingss of each survey Sibling Incest: A theoretical account for group pattern with big female victims of brother-sister incest. Thompson argues that a long-run group theoretical account is best used when working with incest victims. Thompson ends the article forcing for a broader attack when look intoing the lives and injury of incest victims, looking at the manner household kineticss and interactions play a portion in taking to incest. Thompson recommends group therapy as a manner to assist victims experience understood and work through their header accomplishments as a group. Snoging Your Sister The writers interpret their consequences from their survey on sibling incest to propose that the sum of clip the possible incest spouse spent with you in the same roof and being raised by the same female parent, predict the likeliness of incest behaviour. The more clip the stepsibling or sibling does pass in these conditions increase the likeliness that you will avoid incest Acts of the Apostless. They besides suggest that adult females are more likely to avoid sibling incest perchance due to the desire to reproduce healthy progeny. The writers suggest that antipathy to sibling incest is strongest among siblings of the opposite sex. ( Lieberman, Tooby, Cosmides, pg. 1 ) Sibling Incest: Reports from 41 Survivors The writers in this survey were led to believe that the mean age difference between culprits and victims was 4 old ages with the most instances of sibling incest experiences including caressing and holding the sibling s genitalias rubbed on the topic s organic structure. The survey suggests that a bulk ( 68.3 % ) of participants were coerced, threatened or bribed in order to coerce cooperation. ( pg. 9 ) It suggested that more male participants believed the sexual experience was consensual. It besides suggested that more maltreatment ended when the culprit left place, versus the victim. The bulk of participants perceived themselves to be emotionally abused by being ridiculed, degraded or set down, emotionally neglected, or threatened with maltreatment. ( pg. 10 ) The research workers discovered that revelation of sexual maltreatment occurred about seldom. The bulk of participants besides reported holding sexual experiences with other household members. The survey concluded that si bling incest can be durable and often entails intercourse. In most instances the sexual behaviour was coerced in some manner. Parents were rarely cognizant of the maltreatment while it was happening, and factors other than revelation most frequently led to the incest stoping. ( pg. 13 ) . Sibling Incest within Violent Families: Children under 12 Seeking Raising Harmonizing to the writer, the effects of sibling incest can be traumatising as the single enters maturity. The writer believes as a consequence of her anecdotal grounds and researching ideas on sexual geographic expedition throughout childhood development, that the kid s reading of sexual geographic expedition might be altered due to the maltreatment and the kid s hunt for another signifier of raising in their environment. As the kid develops their positions on this will change, in which instance they might see their incest acts as disgusting and no longer normal, therefore the grownup undergoes important psychological hurt. The writer suggests that harmonizing to the determiners theoretical account, a deficiency of societal support and parental handiness will go forth the kid at high hazard for sibling incest, both as a culprit and victim. Strengths/Weaknesses of each survey In the article Sibling Incest: Reports from 41 Survivors, there are so many elements that skew the findings of the research workers. First, the research workers interviewed both culprits and victims, doing the rubric of the article really deceptive. By questioning culprits every bit good as victims, they are skewing the information to stand for either higher or lower per centums in certain countries. The age difference between culprits and victims was skewed because they used all participants informations as stand foring of the victim, and their opposite number as stand foring of the culprit, even though there were several persons in the survey that reported originating the maltreatment. Several other misunderstandings of this information might hold led to skewed findings and misinterpretations of sibling incest. Sibling Incest within Violent Families: Children under 12 Seeking Raising nowadayss some good suggestions and possible thoughts on what might do some signifiers of sibling incest. It presents good anecdotal grounds that might take to really good research surveies that will look into this correlativity in more deepness. However, the anecdotal grounds and the mere sentiments of the writer are non plenty to come to any decisions about the correlativity between household force and sibling incest. It is nt adequate to alter therapy, bar, and intercession in respects to sibling incest. These types of articles are great gateways that lead to farther probes of relationships and causes of many types of household force and go on to be the start of research that has nt been investigated yet. Decision It is clear that there needs to be much more researched in respects to sibling incest in order to understand the full kineticss and deductions of this misdemeanor upon an person. The articles that are mentioned above Begin to turn to these issues, some of which really addressed possible deductions that sibling incest has on persons. However, most of the research was targeted at causes of sibling incest. They all came to similar decisions such as the culprit is by and large about four old ages older than the victim. The lone article that seemed to turn to the deductions of maltreatment on persons was Sibling Incest: Reports from 41 Survivors, and this even was really brief and concise. They suggested that victims might experience a sense of misgiving towards the opposite sex as grownups and experience uncomfortable in sexual relationships. Most surveies performed open-ended and close-ended inquiries on grownups that had experienced sibling incest as kids. Thompson describes different ways to assist victims get by with the maltreatment as grownups by utilizing group therapy and learning get bying mechanisms. The deductions that these surveies hold on farther research of sibling incest are important. Further research should be used to execute different types of surveies and experiments including long-run surveies. This becomes a challenge when normally sibling incest is non disclosed until the victim is an grownup and much clip has passed since the maltreatment. We should besides concentrate our surveies to detect precisely how sibling incest might impact the victims and the households throughout the life-time and in the following coevals. Although some of the research examined was thorough, it is of import that we continue research on this capable affair in order to go confident of the causes and understand the household state of affairss that might take to mistreat. Since some of the grounds is contradictory, it would be helpful to derive more penetration with b etter designed surveies and larger sample sizes. I hope that some of these articles encourage more research to be done on such a hard subject to understand as sibling incest.